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专家组:获取安全药品是公共卫生问题而非知识产权问题

15/10/2009 by Catherine Saez, Intellectual Property Watch Leave a Comment

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在最近由开放社会协会(Open Society Institute)主办的一次会议上,与会专家表示,反假冒倡议可能阻碍人们获得药品,但无法解决假药问题,在发展中国家尤其如此。

专家们说,把合法仿制药、劣质药品与盗版商标产品商标的药品混为一谈可能会带来灾难性的后果,对假冒药品的精确定义和界定范围势在必行。

根据医生无国界(Médecins Sans Frontières)组织的一份文件,假冒药品是指有意包装使之看起来合法而实际并非如此的药品。这属于商标侵权。另一方面,次级药品是指合法生产但不符合相关药品管理部门规定标准的药品。这属于质量控制问题。最后,仿制药是指合法生产的与原一般无专利保护药品相同且含有相同有效成分的药品。

第三世界工作网(Third World Network)高级法律顾问散吉塔•沙石康(Sangeeta Shashikant)在9月25日的会议上发言,“当我们谈到反假冒倡议时,基本上是指全球知识产权保护执行议程。”

沙石康说,在国家层面上,发展中国家特别是非洲国家,正在推动知识产权保护措施的实施。例如,肯尼亚通过了一项反假冒法案,乌干达也在讨论这个。

沙石康表示,这个问题属于该类法律的范围。在世界贸易组织《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》(TRIPS)里,假冒定义为与商标侵权有关。肯尼亚法案超越了《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》,假冒覆盖了所有的知识产权侵权,比如专利、商标、版权、工业设计,甚至包括植物品种保护。

她说,药品质量应由药品监管部门而非海关负责,因为海关官员不具备鉴别一个商品是否侵犯知识产权的能力。她主张知识产权的侵权问题应由知识产权官员鉴定。

印度常驻日内瓦联合国代表团参赞帕纱•萨帕西(Partha Satpathy)表示赞同,海关官员不具备鉴别药品质量的能力。沙石康指出,知识产权所有者的一丁点儿怀疑就能导致商品在边境滞留扣押数月。过去几年这样的事在欧洲不止一次上演,主要发生在荷兰。

巴西常驻日内瓦联合国代表团参赞艾里奥•卡杜叟(Elio Cardoso)指出,在次级药品和仿制药之间肯定没有任何概念混淆,但有时也会人为故意混淆。

所有与会者都同意获取安全药品不应列入知识产权框架,而应进入公共卫生框架。卡杜叟表示,“在世界卫生组织,对药品的获取应集中于公共卫生问题而非知识产权上。”

对于医生无国界组织的米歇尔•查尔兹(Michelle Childs)来说,获取药品问题不仅指获得现有的治疗手段,也包括获得新治疗手段。她说,印度法律现在有了新的知识产权规定,一些新型抗艾滋病毒药品受专利保护,阻碍了人们获得新药。

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Creative Commons License"专家组:获取安全药品是公共卫生问题而非知识产权问题" by Intellectual Property Watch is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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